The Enlightened Despotism

All the theories and views from philosophers in the enlightenment created the enlightened despots. This is a group of monarchs who accepted the new idea and supported the philosophers. The word despots means "absolute rulers" which meant the monarchs had no intention of giving up any power. Europe’s for most enlightened despots work Frederick II Holy Roman Empire Joseph II of Austria, and Catherine the great. They wanted to make their countries stronger and there reign more effective.

Thomas vs Locke

John Locke who had two completely separate views government.

     John Locke had a positive look on humanity he believed through experience anyone can improve themselves. Lock criticized the thought about absolute monarch he believed in self-government and had three natural rights life liberty and property. Thomas Hobbes on the other hand who was also experienced in the horrors of the Civil War believes all humans were terrible, self-centered, and wicked. He said without government “war...of Everyman against every man “and that it would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short “.

The social contract

   Which lead to the social contract, which was an agreement where the people would sign off all there natural rights to an absolute ruler. Due to the fact Hobbes believed all humans were selfish he believed that there rights should be given to a ruler with total power to keep the citizens under power. Hobbes wrote all this in his book the Leviathan.

The Revolution

    

One of the highlights of the age of reason was the scientific revolution. The revolution was a period when new ideas in physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy and other sciences changed the perception of the world. The revolution started due to the fact of of increased Laos and you're up, loss of labor due to the diseases, The colonies required more productivity which boosted the realization in the benefits of the ideas which increased the spread of the revolution   One of the outcomes of the revolution was the heliocentric theory which was created by Nicolaus Copernicus. Another outcome of the revolution was the scientific method. The method is a logical procedure beginning with a question arising and gathering/testing new ideas. This was created by Galileo, Kepler, and Copernicus. The revolution allow people to view the world in a different perspective outside the view of the church, the church feared the new findings of Galileo would go against the teaching of the church.        

The Enlightenment

          During the Age of reason also known as the Enlightenment era allot occurred; for example the scientific revolution, The Enlightenment, Hobbes vs Locke controversies, the social contract, and the Enlightened Despotism. 
This was an intellectual movement that focused on reason and the power of individuals to solve issues. The movement reached its height in the mid-1700's this movement changed the western civilization. This brought out new ideas and views out side the church, the church feared the new findings would contradict the teachings of the church . They urged Galileo not to support the new findings but he did which lead to his trial later on. he was found guilty and trialed then sentenced to house arrest for the rest of his life. Philosophers including Francis Bacon  René Descartes , John Locke Baruch Spinoz, Pierre Bayle Voltaire, Francis Hutcheson, , David Hume, Cesare Beccaria , Immanuel Kant and Isaac Newton influenced society by publishing widely read works.